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HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

HI m

LIBRARY

MUSEUM or OOMPAKATIVE ZOOLOGY.

vi\mjUXiuuvtA-

>vU\lc, l^D"g.

lemoivs of tijc ^usnim of Comparative ^oologg

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

Vol. XXVI. No. 6.

REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE
TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE
U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM AUGUST,
1899, TO MARCH, 1900, COMMANDER JEFFERSON F. MOSER, U. S. N.,
COMMANDING.

THE LANTERN FISHES.

By CHARLES HENRY GILBERT.

WITH SIX PLATES.

[Published by permission of George M. Bowers, U. S. Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries.]

CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.:

^rintEli for t\}e IHuseum.

July, 1908.

THOPICAL PACIFIC.

The following Publications of the Musemji contain Reports on the Dredging Operations in
charge of Alexander Agassiz, of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer '^Albatross," during
1899 and 1900, Commander Jefferson F. Moser, U. S. N., Commanding.

I. A. Agassiz. Preliminary Keport and List of Stations. Witli Remarks on the Deep-Sea
Deposits by Sir John Murray. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 1. January, 1902.
114 pp. 21 Charts.

II. A. G. Mayer. Some Species of Partula from Tahiti. A Study iu Variation. Mem. M. C. Z.,
Vol. Xiti'l!' No. 2. January, 1902. 21pp. 1 Plate.

,11 oJCd.'' .', i;, (i:',-.M,

■ III. A, .^^Assiz and A., Gr. Mater. Medusse. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 3. January,
1902. 4o pp. 13 pWs, 1 Chart.

IV. A. A(iASSiz. The Coral Eeefs of the Tropical Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVIII.
February, 1903. 33, 410 pp. 238 Plates.

V. C. R. Eastman. Sharks' Teeth and Cetacean Bones from the Red Clay of the Tropical
Pacific. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 4. June, 1903. 14 pp. 3 Plates.

VI. "W. E. HOYLE. Cephalopoda. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLIII. No. 1. March, 1904. 71 pp.
12 Plates.

VII. II. LuDwiG. Asteroidea. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXII. July, 1905. 12, 292 pp. 35
Plates, 1 Chart.

VIII. W. E. RiTTER and Edith S. Byxbee. The Pelagic Tunicata. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI.
No. .5. August, 1905. 20 pp. 2 Plates.

IX. Mary J. Rathbun. The Brachyura. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV. No. 2. August,
1907. 54 pp. 9 Plates.

X. C. H. Gilbert. The Lantern Fishes. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVI. No. 6. July, 1908.
23 pp. 6 Plates.

'■ 1908

Icmoiis of tbc i^luscum of Compavalibe ^ooIdcjd

AT HARVARD COLLEGE.

Vol. XXVI. No. 6.

REPORTS ON THE SCIENTIFIC RESULTS OF THE EXPEDITION TO THE
TROPICAL PACIFIC, IN CHARGE OF ALEXANDER AGASSIZ, BY THE
U. S. FISH COMMISSION STEAMER "ALBATROSS," FROM AUGUST,
1899, TO MARCH, 1900, COMMANDER JEFFERSON F. MOSER, U. S. N.,
COMMANDING.

X.

THE LANTERN FISHES.

By CHARLES HENRY GILBERT.

WITH SIX PLATES.

[Published by permission of George M. Bowers, U. S. Commissiotter of Fish and Fisheries.]

CAMBRIDGE, U.S.A.:

PriutcU for tijc ittuseum.
July, 1908.

Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the Tropical
Pacific, in Charge of Alexander Agassiz on the U. S. Fish Com-
mission Steamer "Albatross" from August, 1899, to March, 1900,
Commander Jefferson T. Moser, U. S. N., comjlajsding.

X.
THE LANTERN PISHES.

By CHARLES HENRY GILBERT.

(Published by permission of Geo. M. Bowebb, U. B. Commissioner of Fiah and Fisheries.)

The collections, which form the subject of the present paper, were made
by the "Albatross," during the month of September, 1899, on a cruise from
San Francisco to the Marquesas Islands and thence to Tahiti of the Society
Islands. Frequent hauls were taken with the surface net and the open
intermediate net to a depth of 300 fathoms. Fifteen species of Lantern
Fishes were obtained, five of which are described as new, the others being
known variously from Australia, the China Seas, Hawaii, the Pacific Coast
of tropical America, or Southern California. One species is known also
from the Eastern Atlantic. A very wide distribution is thus shown for the
pelagic fishes of the tropical Pacific.

Myctophum affine (Lutken).

Scopelua affinis Lutken, Spolia Atlantica, 1892, 2, p. 32.

Myctophum nitidulum Garnian, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1899, 24, p. 266, pi, 56, fig. 3.
Rhinoscopelua oceanicua Jordan and Everraann, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 190.3, 22, p. 168.
Myctophum margaritatum Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1905, 23, p. 596, pi. 68, fig. 2.

Direct comparison of types has failed to develop any differences between
3Ii/ctophum affine fi-om the Atlantic and 31. nitidulum, M. oceanicum, and
M. viwfjaritatum from the Pacific. The oldest name, affine, is here used.

The species has been shown to be abundant throughout the Hawaiian
Group as far to the west as Laysan Island and as far to the northeast as
Lat. N. 28° 13' 42", Long. W. 145° 44'. The present collection extends the

218 EXPEDITION OE THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

range from this point almost directly south to the Marquesas Islands, as is
shown by the following list of stations :

Lat. N. 17° 32' Long. W. 13.5° 40'

10° 57' 35" 137° 35' 25"

3° 28' 136° 54'

1° 45' 137° 36'

Marquesas Islands (approximately) Lat. S. 9° Long. \V. 139° 45'

Throughout this extensive area, the species shows a striking uniformity.
The photophores are invariable in number and position, except in the anal
series. For comparison with the extensive Hawaiian collections previou.sly
reported, we give below the variation in the antero- and postero-anals in the
17 specimens of the present collection, the two sides of each specimen being
listed separately : Antero-anals, 8 in 9 cases, 9 in 23 cases, 10 in 2 cases ;
postero-anals, 5 in 21 cases, 6 in 13 cases; 8+5 occurs in 4 cases, 8 + 6 in
5, 9 + 5 in 15, 9 + 6 in 8, 10 + 5 in 2. The three specimens from Lat. N. 10° 57'

35", Long.W. 137° 35' 25" have the numbers {g + q {s t 5 18 ^ 5 ^'^"^ ^^e*""

aging one less than the others in this collection and in that from the
Hawaiian Islands.

In the type of M. nitidulum, the anals are 8 + 5 on one side, 8 + 6 on tlie
other.

Myctophum evermanni Gilbert.

Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1905, 23, p. 597, pi 70, fig 2.

Eleven specimens from the following localities :

Lat. N.

Long. W.

17° .32'

135° 40'

10° 57' 35"

137° 35' 25"

5° 49'

136° 47'

Lat. S.

16° 39'

149° 11'

The range is thus extended from the Hawaiian region directly south to
beyond the Marquesas Islands. No differences are evident in the southern
specimens, so far as the limited material is adequate to deterinine that point.
The usual number of anal photophores is 8+5, which occurs bilaterally in

THE LANTERN FISHES. 219

5 specimens and on one side of 3 others ; 9 + 5 occurs bilaterally in 1
specimen, 8 + 6 bilaterally in 2 ; 7 + 5 occurs unilaterally in 3 specimens.
This species has been compared with specimens of M. humboldti and
M. californicnse and is very distinct from both.

Myctophum reinhardti Lutken.

Scopelus reinhardtii Lutken, Spolia Atlantica, 1892, 2, p. 257, fig. 16.
Myctophum atratum Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 1899, 24, p. 268.
Myctophum braueri Cilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1905, 23, p. 598, pi. 70, fig. 1; not Mycto-
phum (Lampanyctus) braueri Lonnberg, Zobl. Anz., 1905, 28, p. 764.

Six young specimens from near the equator, Lat. N. 1° 45', Long. W.
137' 36'. The anals number 11 to 13 instead of 13 to 15, as in Hawaiian
specimens. The following combinations are present : 6 + 7 in 5 cases,
6 + 6 in 3, 5 + 8 in 1, 5+7 in 1, 5 + 6 in 2. As in D. spinostis, the
southern specimens show a lower average number of photophores, but the
limited amount of the material makes the comparison inadequate. The
type of M. atratum, from near the entrance to the Gulf of California, was
in rather poor condition, so the number of posterior anals could not be
determined with certainty. Six can be made out on one side of the type
specimen and 5 on the other, but others may have been present in life.

Liitken's account of M. reinhardti as having 11 dorsal and 16 anal rays
and with antero-anal photophores varying from 4 to 7, seemed to indicate
a species distinct from this Pacific form. Examination of the two specimens
which Lutken designated as types .shows, however, that they represent two
very distinct species. The one figured by him, from 34' 22' N. Lat., 18° 10'
W. Long., may be considered the type, and has 14 dorsal and 24 anal rays,
as in M. atratum. On direct comparison with the latter no important
differences appear. Liitken's fin-counts were taken from his second speci-
men, which belongs to a species still undescribed.

220 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

Dasyscopelus spinosus (Steindachnek).

Scopelua spinosus Steixdachner, Sitz. akad. wiss. Wien, 1867, 55, p. 711, pi. 3, fig. 4.

Twenty specimens of this species were obtained at the following localities :

Lat. N. 13= 32' Long. W. 13.5° 40-

Lat. N. S" 28' Long. W. 136° 54'

Lat. S. 15° 24' 30" Long. W. 147° 59' 40"

Lat. S. 16^ 39' Long. W. 149 11'

The number of individuals is too limited for satisfactory comparison with
Hawaiian material. The photophores of the anal series are present in
numbers as follows: 7 + 5 in 4 cases, 7+6 in 20, 7+7 in 9, G + 6 in 3,

6 + 7 in 3, 6 + 8 in 1. Thus in the anterior group, 7 occurs in 33 cases, 6 in

7 cases ; in the posterior group 8 occurs in 1 case, 7 in 12 cases, 6 in 23
cases, and 5 in 4 cases. Comparing these with data given for Hawaiian
material (Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 1905, 23, p. 599), it appears that the more
southerly specimens average one less photophore in the anal series. The
total number varies from 12 to 14, 13 prevailing, while in Hawaiian material
the range was from 13 to 15 with 14 prevailing. In the southern material,
the number 8 is absent from the anterior group, and 6 occurs not infre-
quently, while in Hawaiian species, 8 is common and 6 very rare. A
similar difference is found in the posterior group.

The serrations on the scales are very evident in specimens 30 mm. long,
but are not apparent in those 20 mm. long. The serrations develop first on
the scales along the dorsal profile behind the dorsal fin.

Dasyscopelus pristilepis Gilbert & Cramer.

(iilbert & Cramer, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 1897, 19, p. 412, pi. 39, fig. 1 ; GUbert, Bull. U. S.
Fish Com., 1905, 23, p. 600.

Three young specimens from the following stations :

Lat. N. 1° 45' Long. W. 137' 36'

Lat. S. 16° 39' Long. W. 149° 11'

In the number of anal photophores 7 + 4 occurs bilaterally in one
specimen, 7+5 bilaterally in another, 7 + 4 and 7 + 5 in the third.

THE LANTERN FISHES. 221

Dasyscopelus asper (Richardson).
Myctophum asperum Richardson, Ichth. Erebus & Terror, 1845, p. 41, pi. 27, figs. 13-15.

Four specimens not exceeding 20 mm. long, taken at the surface Sept. 8,
1899, in Lat. N. 3° 28', Long. W. 136° 54', about 700 miles north of the
Marquesas Islands.

Most nearly related to Myctophum pristilepis, Gilbert & Cramer, from the
Hawaiian Islands, differing in the higher, more compressed head, the
blunter, somewhat projecting snout, the much smaller eye, which is far
below the upper profile, the more angulated supra-anals, and the slightly
more distant precaudals. The number of anal photophores is larger.

Measurements in hundredths of length to base of caudal : length of head
32 ; eye 9 ; axial length of snout 4.5 ; greatest depth of body 26 ; least
depth of caudal peduncle 9 ; distance from snout to front of dorsal 46 ; to
base of ventrals 47 ; to front of anal 62 ; to adipose dorsal 82.

Dorsal 13, anal 17, pectoral 15, lateral line 37.

Head and body comparatively deep and compressed, eye small, well
below the upper profile, snout high and compressed, slightly protruding
beyond premaxillaries. Maxillary little widened posteriorly, extending
beyond eye a distance less than half orbital diameter. Teeth all straight,
in very narrow bands, consisting of a series of somewhat longer teeth with
smaller ones interspersed. Cheeks not oblique, the posterior border of
preopercle vertically rounded.

Pectorals long, extending to or slightly beyond middle of ventrals ;
ventrals reaching vent, inserted a trifle behind origin of dorsal ; first anal
ray under the last of the dorsal, its last rays under the adipose fin.

Scales mostly fallen, those present showing a few coarse serroe. Two
minute antorbital photophores, one above the other below level of nostrils,
the two connected by a narrow black bar. Supra-pectoral slightly nearer
pectoral fin than lateral line ; upper infra-pectoral opposite base of lower
pectoral ray, the lower infra-pectoral nearer the upper than the first pair
of ventrals. First pair of ventral photophores nearest the median line, the
second, third, and fourth pairs nearly equidistant from it, the fifth pair

222 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

more divergent, but not markedly so ; interval between third and fourth
pairs shortest, that betveeen fourth and fifth but slightly longer ; second
interval but little shorter than the first. Supra-ventrals slightly nearer
ventral fins than lateral line. First pair of ventral photophores nearly in
contact on median line, the others farther apart and equidistant from
median line, the fourth pair at the sides of the vent and somewhat an-
terior to it; second interval longest, the first shortest. Upper supra-anal
immediately below lateral line on its seventeenth scale, and in a vertical line
passing through the second anal ray ; middle supra-anal slightly nearer
upper supra-anal than fourth ventral, in an oblique line joining the two ;
lower supra-anal below and well in advance of middle supra-anal, in a
line joining middle supra-anal with first ventral. Antero-anals 7 (6 in one
specimen), equally spaced, forming a gently curved line with the concavity
downwards. Postero-lateral immediately below lateral line, above or slightly
behind last antero-anal. Postero-anals 5. Precaudals 2, in an oblique line,
the interspace a little wider than that separating those of anal series.

In the four specimens before us, the anal photophores number as follows :

^7+5 ^7 + 5 ^7 + 5 ^6 + 5
^7 + 5,^7 + 5,^7 + 4,^6 + 5

General color very light brown, marked with distinct blackish spots
distributed as follows : one immediately behind nape, one before dorsal fin,
one at base of adipose fin, — these all on median line ; a humeral spot ; a
very small spot at base of caudal.

It seems highly probable that D. naufntgm Waite (Waite, Records Austra-
lian Museum, 1904, 5, p. 154, pi. 18, fig. 3), should be placed in the synon-
omy of this species, the differences indicated by the author being drawn
from the somewhat inaccurate drawing of the immature type of D. aspcr.

Rhinoscopelus tenuiculus (Gakman).

Myctopbum tenuiculum (jarman, Mem. Mug. Conip. Zool., 1899, 24, p. 262, pi. J, fig. 5.

A single specimen, 50 mm. long, was taken September 4, 1896, in Lat.
N. 10° 57' 35", Long. W. 137' 35' 25". The species is considered by Brauer
(Zool. Anz., 1904, 28, p. 390) to be a synonym of R. coccoi, but comparison

THE LANTERN FISHES.

223

with specimens of the latter from the Atlantic Coast of the United States
off Cape Hatteras shows that the two are distinct. R. tenidculus has a much
larger head, with deeper, blunter, scarcely protruding snout, and much
larger eye. The mouth is smaller compared with length of head. The
upper profile is much more curved than the lower, the two nearly equally
curved in coccoi. In the single specimen before us, the ventral fins contain
but seven rays, as in Garman's type, while in all specimens of R. coccoi which
we have examined there were eight ventral rays ; no outer rudimentary
ventral ray could be detected in either form. Scales along dorsal and
ventral outlines produced and narrowed backward, terminating in an acute
point which is more pronounced in R. tenuiculus than in R. coccoi.

For purposes of comparison, there is given below a table of comparative
measurements of R. tenidculus and R. coccoi in hundredths of total length
without caudal.

Tenuiculus

Coccoi

Length of head (in hundredths)

26

8

4

8
17
21
22
43
33
50
73

43 mm.
11
18

7

14

38 or 39

23

6

6

7.5
16
18
21
43
34
53
71

42 mm.
11
20

8

13

41 or 42

Length of maxillary

rJvpQfpQf flpnth of lipa,(i

Depth at origin of dorsal fin

ftnnni" fr» front, of dorsal

Snout to base of ventrals

Snout to adipose fin

Length to base of caudal

T^nmhpr of annl ravs

"N'nmViPT" of vent.i'al ravs

Number of pectoral rays

Scnlps in lateral line

224 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

Centrobranchus choerocephalus Eowler.

Proc. Ac. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1903, 55, p. 754 ; Gilbert, Bull. U. S. Fish Com., 190,5, 23, p. 594 pi
69, fig. 1.

One small specimen, from Lat. S. 16° 39', Long. "W. 149° 11', extends the
range from the Hawaiian Islands to a point well south of the Equator. No
differences are apparent between this and northern specimens. The anals
number 6 + 11 on one side, 5 + 10 on the other.

Diaphus nanus, sp. nov.

Plate 1.

Type 17 mm. long, from Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27), near
Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group ; taken in open intermediate net from
surface to 300 fathoms.

Most nearly related to D. theta Eigenmann and Eigenmann, from the
coast of California, agreeing with this species in its short, bluntly roundeil
snout, its pair of small circular preocular organs, which are directed forwards,
but little visible laterally, and are closely approximated on the median line
of the snout ; the subocular organ i.s also short and narrow, often with a
minute detached point posteriorly. The species differs from D. ihda among
other respects in the more slender form, the more elevated first antero-unal,
the angulated supra-anals, and the closer approximation to the lateral line
of the upper supra-anal, the postero-lateral, and the fourth precaudal.
Dicqilms fiik/cns Brauer apparently has the preocular not circular in shape,
widely visible laterally, and the upper series of photophores more distant
from the lateral line.

Measurements in hundredths of total length to base of caudal : length of
head 31 ; depth of head at occiput 21 ; axial length of snout 4 ; diameter
of eye 12 ; length of maxillary 19 ; greatest depth of body 23 ; least depth
of caudal peduncle 11 ; distance from snout to origin of dorsal 48; to in-
sertion of ventrals 46: to origin of anal 61 ; longest gill-raker 5.

D. 13; A. 13; P. 12; V. 9 ; lateral line 36; gill-rakers 5 + 13, includiuj,'
all rudiments, Br. 9.

THE LANTERN FISHES. 225

Snout very short, comparatively wide, bluntly rounded ; maxillary nearly
horizontal, extending beyond orbit a distance nearly equaling half diameter
of orbit, its posterior portion not widened ; preopercular margin nearly
vertical.

Pectorals slender, of 12 rays, broken in all our specimens, but probably
not reaching the ventrals ; ventrals inserted slightly behind origin of dorsal,
reaching vertical from front of anal; origin of dorsal slightly in advance of
middle of body ; origin of anal just behind last dorsal ray, the adipose dorsal
over last anal rays.

Scales all fallen, but those of lateral line apparently not enlarged.

Preocular photophore small, circular, scarcely equaling half diameter of
pupil, occupying a pit immediately above nostrils, the two organs narrowly
separated mesially by the ethmoidal ridge. They are placed on the anterior
aspect of the snout, directed forwards, scarcely visible from the side. Sub-
ocular organ short and narrow, below the anterior half of the pupil or a
little farther forwards, a minute detached point behind it often to be made
out with difficulty. Supra-pectoral spot below opercular angle, its distance
from pectoral base scarcely more than half its distance from lateral line; a
very narrow white luminous body belov/ it, often scarcely visible. Upper
infra-pectoral at base of lower pectoral rays, in a straiglit line with lower
infra-pectoral and first thoracic. Second thoracics only sliglitly nearer first
than fifth pairs, the second and third pairs closely approximated, the elevated
fourth -pair a little higher on sides than the middle pectoral rays, vertically
over interspace between third and fourth thoracics. Supra-ventrals half way
between lateral line and the base of ventrals. Ventral organs typically
arranged, the first three equally spaced, in an oblique line, the fourth and
fifth near median ventral line. Supra-anals forming an angulated line, the
upper one on lower margin of the eighteenth scale of lateral line, the middle
one half way between the upper and the vent, the lower one in advance of
and slightly below the middle spot, the interspace between the two upper
spots nearly twice that between the two lower; lower supra-anal very near
the fifth ventral, a little above the line connecting fifth ventral and the
middle supra-anal. Antero-anals 5, in a wide curve, the first distinctly
elevated, forming with the second a very oblique line passing above the

15

226 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

middle supra-anal ; second antero-anal nearest the anal base, the third, fourth,
and fifth forming a gently diverging curved line which passes behind the
postero-lateral. Postero-lateral on the twenty-fourth scale of the lateral line
near the lateral line but not in contact with it, its distance from fifth antero-
anal nearly twice that separating fifth from fourth. Postero-anals 5 (or 6)
in number. Precaudals in a wide shallow curve, nearly evenly spaced, the
fourth distinctly below the Lateral line.

Color apparently deep brown, lighter on cheeks, mandibles, and snout ;
black on opercles.

Two co-types from Hydrographic Station 3797 (A. A. 25), and two from
3798 (A. A. 27), near the Marquesas Islands. All are smaller than the type.

Diaphus agassizii, sp. nov.

Plate 2.

Type 21 mm. long, from Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27), near
Nukahiva Island, Marquesas Group ; taken with open intermediate net down
to 300 fathoms.

Characterized by the deep compressed head and snout, by the absence of
preocular or subocular luminous areas, and by the normal number and ar-
rangement of photophores. In Diaj)hus urolampus, the only other species of
the genus described without preocular luminous area, there are but two
supra-anals, and the second and tliird ventrals are equally elevated.

Total length, excluding caudal, 18 mm. ; length of head, 32 hundredths
of this length ; diameter of eye 7 ; length of snout 6 ; length of maxillary
23 ; greatest depth of body 23 ; least depth of caudal peduncle 9 ; distance
from snout to front of dorsal 45 ; to front of ventrals 42 ; to front of anal
60 ; to adipose fin 78.

D. 14 ; A. 16 ; P. 13 ; scales in lateral line 36 to 38 ; gill-rakers 8 + 13.

Head unusually deep and compressed; eye small, but little above middle
of head, barely longer than snout; maxillary not widened posteriorly, its
middle point a trifle behind vertical from center of eye ; preopercular
margin comparatively little oblique.

Pectorals mutilated but evidently weak, })robab]y not reaching the

THE LANTERN FISHES. 227

ventrals ; ventrals overlapping front of anal, their insertion under the first
rays of the dorsal ; origin of anal under last dorsal rays ; front of adipose
fin vertically above last anal ray.

Scales and much of the epidermis lost, but the ground color evidently
dark brown or blackish. An evident pigment line dividing the photophores.
A minute round photophore, smaller than any of the others, on the anterior
upper margin of the orbit immediately above the nostril, under the anterior
projecting rim of the supraorbital portion of the frontal. A similar minute
photophore is frequently present in this exact location in many species of
Diajjkus and Myctophum, and is frequently to be recognized as distinct from
the large preocular luminous area, where this is present in Diaphiis. In
D. urolampiis, this minute photophore is represented by a densely pigmented
black globular body, apparently no longer functional.

Supra-pectoral photophore slightly nearer lateral line than base of pectoral,
without the glandular body usually associated with it in this genus ; the two
infra-pectorals forming with the first thoracic a straight, obliquely ascending
line, the spots evenly spaced ; first pair of thoracics separated from second
pair by a wide interval, about twice the length of the space separating the
second pair from the third and the thii'd from the fifth ; fourth pair elevated
as usual, above and slightly behind the third pair ; first three ventrals form-
ing an obliquely ascending line, the second more widely separated from the
third than from the first ; distance between upper and middle supra-anals
more than twice that between the middle and lower ; lower supra-anal very
near the fifth ventral and a little behind it; antero-anals 7 or 8 in number,
the first above and slightly in front of the second, the line joining the two
traversing the lateral line slightly behind the upper supra-anal ; last antero-
anal also elevated, above and behind the next to the last, the line joining
the two passing behind the postero-lateral ; all antero-anals, except the first
and last, in a straight line parallel with the base of the anal fin; postero-
anals 4 or 5 in number ; precaudals 4, equally spaced, following the curve
of the base of the fin ; upper supra-anal and the postero-lateral immediately
below the lateral line, the upper precaudal somewhat more distant from it,
the supra-ventral very slightly nearer lateral line than base of ventrals.
Two small specimens secured at Ilydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27).

228 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

Diaphus signatus, sp. uov.

Plate 3.

Type 60 mm. long, from the surface at Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A.
27), near Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group.

Most nearly related to Diaphus {Nydoplms) sj^lmdidus Brauer (Zotil. Anz.,
1904, 28, p. 399, fig. 7), differing in the smaller head and shorter snout, the
less elevated interorbital region which scarcely protrudes above the orbital
rim, and the more anterior insertion of the ventral fins. The preocular
luminous organ is apparently not divided into upper and lower portions,
but has immediately above it a distinct luminous dot surrounded by the
black pigment. In general proportions, fin rays, and number and distri-
bution of photophores, this species does not differ from D. splcndidiis.

Length of head 28 hundredths of total length without caudal ; diameter
of eye 7 ; length of snout 4.3 ; length of maxillary 20 ; greatest depth of
body 18; least depth of caudal peduncle 8; distance from snout to front
of dorsal, 45 ; to insertion of ventrals 41 ; to front of anal 64 ; to adipose
fin 80.

D. 15; A. 15; P. 12; V. 9 ; lateral line 38; the 11th scale over the
supra- ventral photophore, the 18th scale over the upper supra-anal, the
25th over the postero-lateral.

Form slender ; snout short and bluntly rounded, its length little more
than balf the diameter of orbit ; maxillary long and slender, not widened
posteriorly, its middle well behind tlie pupil ; preopercular margin very
oblicjue; gill-rakers slender, 6 + 13 in number on outer arch, the longest
three-lmirths the diameter of the eye.

Pectorals small, inserted low, but little above the level of the ventrals,
which they fail to reach. Ventrals inserted well in advance of the dorsal,
unusually well developed, their longer inner ra^s extending to base of
third or fourtli nnnl ray. The vertical from the last dor.sal rny falls
between the vent and the fi-ont of the anal. Last anal ray under the
middle of the adipose fin.

Scales and nuich of the integument lost, but the general color was

THE LANTERN FISHES. 229

evidently blackish, the bases of the vertical fins black. Dorsal, anal, and
caudal fins with the articulations of the rays finely dotted with black, the
fins thus with fine wavy cross-lines, which are especially noticeable on
the caudal. Two broad dark bars cross the mandibles, one below the
posterior part of eye, the other immediately in front of mandibular joint.

Preocular luminous organ occupying the space between the eye and
the nostril, extending but little above or below the latter, not extending
on the suborbital region. Its anterior margin is deeply indented opposite
the nostril, but there is no evident division into an upper and a lower
portion. At its upper margin, but separated from it, is a minute round
photopore surrounded with pigment, as in D. agassizii. No subocular spot,
the anterior half of suborbital region bright silvery. Supra-pectoral slightly
nearer the lateral line than the pectoral fin, there being associated with it a
whitish glandular organ, as in nearly all species of this genus. Lower
infra-pectoral spot midway between upper infra-pectoral and first thoracic.
First and second thoracics widely separated, the third midway between
second and fifth; fourth thoracic elevated as usual in the genus, a little
higher than the base of the ventral fins, and slightly behind the third
thoracic. Second and third ventral photophores progressively elevated,
as usual, the third slightly in front of the vertical from the fourth and
below the direct line joining the first and second ; the second is much
nearer the first than the third. First antero-anal elevated, slightly in
advance of the second, which is widely separated from the third ; third
to sixth antero-anals equally spaced and less widely separated, the third,
fourth, and fifth almost equally distant from base of anal, the sixth dis-
tinctly elevated, but less so than the first. Postero-anals four in number
(five in splendidiis), the last separated by a wide interval from the first
precaudal, which is inserted distinctly in advance of the rudimentary caudal
rays. Distance from supra-ventral spot to lateral line two-thirds its distance
from ventral fins. The upper supra-anal, the postero-lateral, and the upper
precaudal encroach on the scales of the lateral line. Supra-anals slightly
angulated, the lower two forming with the fifth ventral an obliquely
ascending straight line, which intersect the lateral line behind the upper
supra-anal.

230 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

In addition to the type, there is a co-type, of equal size, from the
same locality.

Dr. Braner has kindly re-examined the types of D. splendidiis at the
request of the writer and states that the ventral is always inserted under
the beginning of the dorsal, the supraorbital region projects always above
the eye as shown in the figure, and the snout, although somewhat variable
in length, is always more than half the diameter of the eye. In three speci-
mens in which the snout is 1.5 cm., 1.75 cm. and 2 cm. long, the diameter
of the eye is 2.1 cm., 2.2 cm. and 2.5 cm. in length.

Lampanyctus townsendi (Eigenmann and Eigenmann).

Plate ^.

Myctophum townaendi Eigenmann and Eigenmann. West American Scientist, 1889, p. 125,
from Cortez Banks, south of San Diego, California.

A single young specimen, 26 mm. long, from Hydrographic Station, 3797
(A. A. 25), near Ua Huka Island, Marquesas Group, taken with the open
intermediate net between the surface and 300 fathoms.

Measurements in hundredths of length without caudal : Length of head
34 ; diameter of eye 10 ; length of snout 7 ; length of maxillary 25 ; great-
est depth of head 20.5 ; distance from snout to dorsal 49 ; to ventrals 48 ;
to anal 63 ; to adipose fin 79 ; least depth of caudal peduncle 9.

Dorsal 13; anal 13; pectoral 14; lateral line 38 ; well-developed gill-
rakers 4 + 11, in addition to two short rudiments on vertical and three on
horizontal limb of arch.

Body slender, snout short but not bluntly rounded, the premaxillaries
mesially about on the level of middle of orbit; maxillary oblique, noticeably
but not greatly widened at tip, extending beyond eye a distance about
equaling half diameter of orbit. Teeth in very narrow bands, mandibular
teeth straight, the inner series somewhat longer than the outer; in the pre-
maxillaries, the inner series is more enlarged, the teeth strongly curved.
Preopercular margin rounded, little oblique.

Pectorals mutilated ; ventrals reaching at least to front of anal, probably

THE LANTERN FISHES. 231

overlapping, their insertion a little in advance of dorsal ; origin of anal under
last dorsal ray; adipose dorsal immediately. behind anal.

Photophores: A minute antorbital photopliore between eye and nostril.
Pectorals as usual in this section in a nearly straight vertical line, the upper
immediately below the lateral line, the middle in front of base of fin im-
mediately above its middle, the lower nearly vertically below the second, not
on shoulder girdle, and not concealed by opercular margin ; the line which
joins the three passing a little in advance of the second pair of thoracics.
Thoracics 5, none of them elevated, the first four pairs forming gently di-
verging lines, the fifth abruptly diverging, in front of outer ventral rays ;
interval between first and second pairs longest, nearly equaling that separat-
ing second from fourth pairs ; third interspace shortest, the fourth less than
the second. Supra-ventral vertically over axil of ventral fin, midway
between base of ventral and lateral line. Ventrals 5, the anterior pair
nearer median line than are the inner ventral rays ; second and third pairs
more widely separated, opposite the outer half of ventral base ; fourth jJ'iii'
nearer median line, fifth pair again diverging. Supra-anals distinctly but
slightly angulated, the third pair on lateral line, vertically above first anal
ray, the second above or slightly behind the vent, the first farther forward,
in a line joining the second supra-anal and the fourth ventral ; space between
first and second supra-anals about half that between second and third.
Antero-anals 7, the first nearest the anal base, the second, third, and fourth
in a slightly diverging line, the fifth, sixth, and seventh in a more strongly
diverging curve which includes the postero-lateral ; the seventh more widely
spaced than the preceding photophores, but distinctly nearer the sixth than
the postero-lateral. Postero-lateral on the lateral line, under middle of
adipose fin, a little behind last anal ray. Postero-anals 5, widely separated
from the precaudals, the fifth nostero-anal equidistant between second
postero-anal and first precaudal. On one side there are apparently two scars
of photophores between the post-anal series and the first precaudal, indicating
that the two series are continuous. But these cannot be found in other
specimens of toivnsendi, nor on the other side of the specimen in question.
They may be scars of the minuter photophores which are generally distributed.
Precaudals i, the first three equally spaced, in a gentle curve, the first

232 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

opposite first caudal ray ; the fourth on the lateral line, well behind and
above the third, and separated from it by a wide interval. Luminous patch
on underside of caudal peduncle involving rudimentary caudal rays and
extending forwards to below first postero-anal photophore ; that on back
of caudal peduncle short, extending but little in advance of the rudimentary
caudal rays, which it covers. Integument of body rubbed so that complete
distribution of luminous patches cannot be given, but a series is evident
along base of anal fin, and another of four or five luminous scales on median
line between ventral and anal fins.

General color blackish, the mouth and gill cavities, including gills and
gill-arches and gill-rakers, jet black. -

The Ceratoscopelus section of Lampanyctus, to which this species belongs,
contains also L. maderensis and L. loarmingi, and is characterized as follows :
(1) thoracic and ventral photophores each five in number, none of them
elevated; (2) middle pectoral photophore in front of base of pectoral fin;
(3) antero-anals foruiing an ^v-shaped curve, the first are nearest the
anal base, the last one or two elevated, forming a curve which includes the
single postero-lateral ; (4) precaudals 4 in number, sharply distinguished
from postero-anals ; (5) dorsal and anal short, about equal in length;
(6) luminous patches following a definite arrangement which is similar in
all the species.

Most nearly related to L. wanmiii/i Liitken from the Atlantic, the latter
having apparently a mucli blunter, more rounded snout, but the description
inadequate for detailed comparison.

Lampanyctus omostigma, sp. nov.

Plate 5.

Type 62 mm. long, from the surface at 10° 57' 35" N. Lat., 137° 35' 25"
W. Long., in the open Pacific about 1000 miles north of the Marquesas
Islands.

Very closely allied to L.maerojyierus Brauer (Zoiil. Anz., 1D04, 28. pp. 397,
404, fig. 5, p. 381), from the Indian Ocean, apparently differing in the
following respects :

THE LANTEKN FISHES. 233

1. The first anal ray is vertically below the next to the last dorsal ray
instead of the middle of the dorsal fin ;

2. The supra-pectoral, supra-ventrul, and the fourth thoracic photophores
are less elevated ;

3. The middle pectoral photophore is opposite the upper instead of the
middle pectoral rays;

4. The second ventral photophore is in advance of the first instead of
behind it ;

5. The upper and middle supra-anals are more anteriorly placed and the
lower one is more depressed ;

6. Interspaces between antero-anals (excepting between first and second
pairs) not noticeably greater than between postero-anals.

Measurements in hundredths of total length without caudal : length of
head 32 ; diameter of eye 7.5 ; axial length of snout 4 ; length of maxil-
lary 21; greatest depth of body 21; least depth of caudal peduncle 10;
distance from snout to front of dorsal 47 ; length of base of dorsal 16 ;
distance from snout to adipose dorsal 79 ; to insertion of ventrals 44 ; to
front of anal 60 ; length of base of anal 21 ; length of longest gill-raker 5.

Dorsal 14; anal 18; pectoral 13; ventral 9 ; lateral line 39; gill-rakers
5 + 12. Snout short but not rounded, the upper profile not descending
more steeply in front ; the snout much shorter than in L. macropterus ;
little more than half diameter of orbit. Maxillary little widened pos-
teriorly, nearly reaching margin of preopercle, extending beyond the eye
a distance about equaling the diameter of the latter.

Fins somewhat mutilated, both pectorals and ventrals evidently extend-
ing beyond origin of anal; origin of ventrals in advance of dorsal; anal
originating under the next to last ray of dorsal, the adipose fin over the
last two anal rays. In L. macroptenis, the origin of the anal is under the
middle of the dorsal fin, a character which Dr. Brauer has kindly verified
for me on the types of L. macropteriis.

A minute preorbital photophore surrounded with much black pigment
between the eye and the lower portion of nostril. Humeral photophore
present, as in L. macroptenis. Supra-pectoral almost in a direct line joining
the lower two pectorals, its distance from lateral line two-thirds its distance

234 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

from pectoral ; middle pectoral photophore opposite the upper, not the
middle, pectoral rays, its distance from lower pectoral spot two-thirds its
distance from the upper ; line joining middle and lower pectoral photo-
phores passing well in advance of the second thoracic pair. Fourth thoracic
greatly elevated, slightly below the middle pectoral (not above as in
L. onacropterus), over anterior part of interspace between third and fifth
pairs ; other thoracics nearly equidistant from the median line, the posterior
slightly diverging ; the interval between second and third pairs is the
narrowest, that between third and fifth pairs one third the distance between
first and fifth, a little shorter than that between first and second. Supra-
ventral vertically above ventral axil, its distance from lateral line two-
fifths its distance from base of ventrals. First ventrals closely approximated
at base of inner ventral rays ; second ventrals elevated, about on the
level of the lower pectoral photophore and slightly anterior to the vertical
from the first ventrals (not well posterior to this vertical as in L. macro-
pterits) ; third ventrals slightly elevated, nearly equidistant between first
and fourth pairs ; fourth pair closely approximated, at the sides of the
vent and a little anterior to it. Supra-anals angulated, the upper in
contact with the lateral line, vertically above the first anal ray ; middle
supra-anal slightly anterior to the upper, in a vertical which passes between
vent and first anal ray ; lower supra-anal nearly equidistant between
middle supra-anal and third ventral, the angle between the three much
less than in L. macro/Herns, a line joining the two lower supra-anals
traversing the base of the ventral fins. Antero-anals 6, the first and
fifth closely approximating anal base and equally distant from it, the first
above the fifth anal ray, the fifth above the twelfth ; second antero-anals
widely diverging; the third and fourth intermediate in position between
second and fifth pairs ; sixth pair (designated by Brauer as one of the
postero-laterals) abruptly elevated, nearer the fifth pair than the postero-
lateral, which Is in contact with lateral line. Postero-anals 8 or 9, evenly
spaced, the second spot immediately above base of last anal ray, tlie series
continuous with the two lower precaudals, which are in no way distin-
guished from them. Precaudals 4, consisting of the two mentioned, a
fourth on the lateral line and a third below and in front of the fourth,

THE LANTERN FISHES. 235

nearly midway between latter and second precaudal. We do not follow
Brauer in counting the two anterior precaudals with the postero-anals in
cases like the present in which no gap separates the two series. According
to Brauer, such an interval may or may not occur in different individuals of
L. macropteriis. In both specimens, the luminous scales are four in number
on back of caudal peduncle and nine below, the most anterior of the lower
luminous scales being under the interspace between second and third
postero-anals (not under fifth postero-anal as in L. mac7'opterus).

The general color was evidently dark, blackish on opercles and at bases
of fins. Vertical fins with fine wavy lines, due to pigment along the
lines of articulation of the rays.

A second specimen, here designated as co-type, of equal length and
from the same locality.

Lampanyctus stilbius, sp. nov.

Plate G.

Type 20 mm. long from Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27), near
Nukuhiva Island, Marquesas Group, taken in open intermediate net be-
tween the surface and a depth of 300 fathoms.

Near L. gueniheri, diflfering in the presence of photophores on the cheeks
and in having numerous minute scattered photophores on head and body,
in having 4 instead of. 5 ventral photophores, and in a number of details
in arrangement of thoracic, ventral, anal, and supra-anal photophores ; the
eye is also larger. It is still more closely allied to L. hiigipes Brauer (Die
Tiefseefische, 1906, p. 236, text-fig. 155), but has the preocular on the ven-
tral instead of the dorsal side of the nostril.

Measurements in hundredths of total lens'th without caudal : lentrth of
head 36 ; diameter of eye 13 ; axial length of snout 6 ; length of maxillary
23 ; greatest depth of body 22; deptli of caudal peduncle 9; distance from
snout to dorsal 51 ; to ventral 52 ; to anal 58.

Dorsal 11; anal 13; pectoral 15; lateral line about 38. Snout short
but not bluntly rounded ; eye very large, more than one-third length of
head ; maxillary moderately widened posteriorly, extending beyond eye a
distance not much exceeding half its diameter; body slender.

236 EXPEDITION OF THE "ALBATROSS," 1899-1900.

A small but distinct antorbital photopliore between the orbit and the
lower edge of nostril. Three small photophores on the cheek near the
posterior border of the orbit, and apparently a fourth immediately above
the maxillary near its end. Apparently a small humeral spot present above
anterior part of opercle. Upper pectoral spot on the lateral line, the second
in front of pectoral fin just above the middle of the base, the third below
and a little behind the second, the three about in a straight line. Thoracics
5, the fourth pair elevated, vertically over middle of interspace between
third and fifth pairs ; photophores of first pair separated from second pair
by an interspace longer than distance from second to fifth pairs ; third pair
about equidistant from second and fifth pairs; photophores of first pair very
close together, those of second pair but little farther apart, those of third
pair widely distant (three times the width separating first pair), photophores
of fifth pair apparently larger than the others, nearer together than those of
third pair, farther apart than those of second pair. This condition is very
different from that in L. guentheri, where the first, second, third, and fifth
pairs form two regularly diverging lines. Supra-ventrals on the lateral line.
Ventral photophores 4, the anterior pair opposite middle ventral rays and a
little removed from them ; second pair elevated, above and behind the first
pair, a little lower than fourth thoracics ; thii-d pair but slightly neai'er fourth
than first pair, the photophores of third pair a little farther apart than those
of fourth j)air, the latter at sides of vent. Supra-anals slightly angulated,
the upper distinctly above lateral line, vertically above second anal ray, the
second above the first anal ray, the third above the fourth ventral pair ;
second supra-anal a trifle nearer the lower than the upper one of the series ;
line joining middle and lower supra-anals passing through the third vcntrals.
Antero-anals 7, forming a slight w^-shaped curve, the first a little
nearer anal base than the following, the sixth slightly diverging, the
seventh more so, the interspaces equal or nearly so ; the curve of the last
antero-anids crossing lateral line well behind the postero-lateral. Postero-
lateral above the lateral line. Postero-anals 4, the last well separated from
first precaudal. Precaudals 3 or 4, the two lower well-developed, horizon-
tally placed, approximated at base of rudimentary rays of caudal, the upper
above lateral line, the third intermediate in position, sometimes faint or absent.

THE LANTERN FISHES. 237

Minute scattered photophores on head and body, but the integument largely
rubbed off, so these are now visible infrequently and are not represented in
the drawino-. Luminous scales can be made out only on upper and lower
sides of caudal peduncle, but such were probably present at base of ventrals
and of anterior dorsal and anal rays.

Short luminous patches on upper and lower margins of caudal peduncle,
not extending more than one-third distance from caudal rays to anal and
adipose fins.

Paired fins broken, their length uncertain ; ventrals inserted a trifle
behind origin of dorsal ; anal originating slightly behind last dorsal ray ;
adipose dorsal over last anal rays.

A single small specimen in poor condition.

Vinciguerria lucetia (Garman).

Maurolicus lucetius Garman, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., 189.9, 24, p. 242, pi. J, fig. 2.

Several small specimens, in poor condition, from Hydrographic Station
3798 (A. A. 27), near the Marquesas Islands. It is not clear in what respects
this species differs from typical V. attenuata (Cocco) from the Atlantic, as
characterized by Lutken and Bellotti (see Lutken, Spolia Atlantica, Scope-
lini, 1892, pp. 270-2). In its slender habit, posterior anus, and the limita-
tion of silvery pigment to the preanal region, as also in the somewhat smaller
number of photophores, it agrees with attenuata. On the other hand,
Zalarges nimbarius Jordan and Williams (Proc. Cal. Ac. Sci., 1895, ser. 2, 5,
p. 793, pi. 76), a true Viiic/(/uerria, agrees with V. poweriae (Cocco) from
the Atlantic in its deeper form, anterior position of anus, the extension of
the silvery pigment to near the base of the caudal fin and the increased
number of photophores. Lutken was unable to distinguish attenuata and
poiveriae on the examination of a large amount of material. If his conclusion
is valid, it may well prove that lucetia and nimbaria are the Pacific represen-
tatives of a variable and widespread species for which the name attenuata
must be used. The dorsal fin contains 14 rays in the types of Z. nimbarius,
not 9 as given.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE 1.

Diajjhus nanus Gilbert.
Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.

PLATE 2

Diaphus agassizii Gilbert.
Hydrograpliic Station 3798 (A. A. 21), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.

PLATE 3.

Diaphus signutns Gilbert.
Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.

PLATE 4.
Laynpanyctus townsendl (Eigenniann and Eigenuiaiin)
Hydrographic Station 3797 (A. A. 25), near Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands.

PLATE 5.

Lampanyctus omostiyma Gilbert.

Pacific Ocean, 10° 57' 35" N. Lat., 137° 35' 25" W. Long., about 1,000 miles north of
the Marquesas Islands.

PLATE 6.

Lampanyctus st'dbius Gilbert.
Hydrographic Station 3798 (A. A. 27), near Nukuhiva, Marquesas Islands.

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The following Publications of the Museum contain Reports on the Dredging Operations .in
charge of Alexander Agassiz, of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer ^'■Albatross," during
1891, Lieut. Commander Z. L. Tanner, U. S. N., Commanding.

I. A.

II.

Tlu-ee Letters from Alexander Agassiz to the Hon.
Marshall McDonald, U. S. Commissioner
of Fish and Fisheries, on the Dredging
Operations of the "Albatross" in 1891.
Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXl. Xo. 4. June,
1891. 16 pp.

Agassiz. On Calamocrinus Diomeda?, a
new Stalked Crinoid from the Galapa-
gos. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XVII. No. 2.
January, 1892. 95 pp. 32 Plates.
A. Agassiz. General Sketch of the Expe-
dition of the " Albatross," from February
to May, 1891. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol.
XXIIf. No. 1. February, 1892. 89 pp.
22 Plates.

III. A. Goiis. Neusina Agassizi. Bull. M. C. Z.,

Vol. XXIII. No. 5. December, 1892.
4 pp. 1 Plate.

IV. H. LuDWiG. Vorliiufiger Berioht iiber die

erbeuteten Holothurien. Zeit. Anz., No.

420. 1893. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXIV.

No. 4. June, 1893. 10 pp.
V. Geo. p. Merrill. The Rocks of the

Galapagos. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XVI.

No. 13. July, 1893. 3 pp.
VI. W. Faxon. Preliminary Descriptions of

new Species of Crustacea. Bull. j\I. C. Z.,

Vol. XXIV. No. 7. August, 1893. 72 pp.
VII. S. H. ScuDDER. The Orthoptera of the

Galapagos. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV.

No. 1. September, 1893. 25 pp. 3

Plates.
VIII. W. ScHiMKiSwiTSCH. The Pygnogonidse.

Bull. U. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 2. Decem-
ber, 1893. 17 pp. 2 Plates.
IX. W. McM. WooDWORTH. The Planari-

ans. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 4.

January, 1894. 4 pp. 1 Plate.
X. Th. Studer. Note prdliminaire sur les

Alcyonaires. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV.

No. 5. February, 1894. 17 pp.
XI. S. F. Clarke. The Hydroids. Bull.

M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 6. February,

1894. 7 pp. 5 Plates.

XII. H. LuDWiG. The Holothurians. Mem.

M. C. Z., Vol. XVII. No. 3. October

1894. 183 pp. 19 Plates.

XIII. R. Bergh. Die Opisthobranchien. Bull. M.

C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 10. October, 1894.
109 pp. 12 Plates.

XIV. A. Ortmann. The Pelagic Schizopoda.

Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No. 8. Sep-
tember, 1894. 13 pp. 1 Plate.
XV. W. Faxon. The Crustacea. Mem. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XVIII. April, 1895. 292 pp. 67
Plates.

XVI. W. Giesbrecht. Die Pelagischen Cope-

poden. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXV. No.
12. ■ April, 1895. 20 pp. 4 Plates.

XVII. C. H. Towns END. The Birds of Cocos

Island. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXVII.
No. 3. July, 1895. 8 pp. 2 Plates.

XVIII. C. Hartlaub. Die Comatuliden. Bull.

M. C. Z., Vol. XXVII. No. 4. August,

1895. 26 pp. 4 Plates.

XIX. G. W. MiiLLER. Die Ostracoden. Bull.
M. C. Z., Vol. XXVII. No. 5. Octo-
ber, 1895. 10 pp. 3 Plates.
XX. A. Goiis. The Foramir.ifera. Bull. M.
C. Z., Vol. XXIX, No. 1. Feliruary,

1896. 103 pp. 9 Plates.

XXI. O. Maas. Die Medusen. Mem. M. C. Z.,

Vol. XXIII. No. 1. September, 1897.

92 pp. 15 Plates.

XXII. H. J. Hansen. .The Isopoda. Bull. M.

C. Z., Vol. XXXI. No. 5. December,

1897. 38 pp. 6 Plates.

XXIII. A. Agassiz. Preliminary Report on the

Echini. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXII.
No. 5. June, 1898. 18 pp. 14 Plates.

XXIV. E. L. Mark. Preliminary Report on

Branchiocerianthus urceolus. Bull. M.
C. Z., Vol. XXXII. No. 8. August,

1898. 8 pp. 3 Plates.

XXV. C. F. Lutken and Th. Mortensen. The

Ophiuridaj. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXIII.

No. 2. November, 1899. 114 pp. 22

Plates and Chart.
XXVI. S. Garman. The Fishes. Mem. U. C. Z.,

Vol. XXIV. November, 1899. 426 pp.

97 Plates and Chart.
XXVII. W. McM. WoODWORTH. Prehminary

Account of Planktonemertes Agassizii.

Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXV. No. 1.

July, 1899. 4 pp. 1 Plate.
XXVIII. L. Stejneger. Two new Lizards of the

genus Anolis, from Cocos and Malpelo

Islands. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol XXXVL

No. 6. November, 1900. 6 pp. 1 Plate.
XXIX. W. E. Hoyle. The Cephalopoda. Bull.

M. C. Z., Vol. XLIII. No. 1. March,

1904. 71 pp. 12 Plates.

XXX. H. V. Wilson. The Sponges. Mem. M.
C. Z., Vol. XXX. No. 1. July, 1904.
164 pp. 26 Plates.
XXXI. R. von Lendenfeld. The Radiating
Organs of the Deep Sea Fishes. Mem.
M. C Z., Vol. XXX. No. 2. August,

1905. 49 pp. 11 Plates, 1 Chart.

XXXII. A. Agassiz. The Pauamic Deep Sea

Echini. Mem. M. C. Z., Vol. XXXL
November, 1904. 10, 243 pp. 112
Plates.

XXXIII. E. VON Marenzeller. Stein-und

Hydro-Korallen. Bull. M. C. Z.,
Vol. XLIII. No. 2. August, 1904.
16 pp. 3 Plates.

XXXIV. E. von Marenzeller. Lagisca Irritans,

sp., nov., ein Symbiont von Hydro-
koralleu. Bull. M. C. Z., Vol. XLIII.
No. 3. August, 1904. 6 pp. 1 Plate.

XXXV. H. Lltdwig. Asteroidea. Mem. JI. C. Z.,

Vol. XXXII. July, 1905. 12, 292 pp.
35 Plates, 1 Chart.
XXXVL E. TRO.JAN. Ein Beitrag zur INIorpholo-
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M. C. Z., Vol. XXX. No. 3. October,

1906. 41 pp. 6 Plates.

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